Who Can Witness a Notarized Document?
Updated 2026-09-19
A witness watches you sign and signs the document themselves; a notary verifies your identity and completes an official certificate. They are different roles. Witnesses are generally required to be adults with no interest in the document, not named in it, and often not related to the signer — but the exact rule comes from your state and your document.
Witness versus notary
The document itself tells you whether witnesses are needed — look for witness signature lines. The notary's role is separate and does not replace a witness requirement. In many states the notary cannot also serve as one of the witnesses.
Who usually cannot witness
- Anyone named in the document or who benefits from it
- In many cases, the signer's spouse or close relatives
- Minors
- Sometimes facility employees, for documents signed in care settings
Arranging witnesses
Ask friends, neighbours or colleagues who are not involved in the document. Each witness needs photo identification if their signature is also being notarized. If the signing is in a hospital or care home, check the facility's policy early — staff often cannot help.
If you cannot find witnesses
Some mobile notaries will bring witnesses for an additional fee, and some signing services arrange them. Ask when booking rather than hoping on the day.
Frequently asked questions
- How many witnesses do I need?
- It depends on the document and your state. The form usually says; if not, ask the recipient or an attorney.
- Do witnesses need identification?
- Often yes, and always if their signatures are being notarized.
- Can witnesses join by video?
- Remote witnessing is allowed in some states for some documents. Ask the notary whether their state and platform support it.
Search the notary directory
Enter your ZIP code or city to see notaries who serve your area.
Related guides
Where to Get a Power of Attorney Notarized
How power of attorney signings usually work, who needs to be present, and how to arrange a notary if the signer cannot travel.
Read guideCan a Notary Notarize a Will?
How wills are usually executed, what a self-proving affidavit is, and why notaries cannot advise on will signings.
Read guide
What Happens During a Notary Appointment?
A step-by-step walkthrough of a notary appointment, from identification through to the notary's seal.
Read guideNotarizing a Medical Power of Attorney or Advance Directive
Health care proxies, living wills and advance directives: witnesses, hospital visits and what the notary checks.
Read guideNotarization requirements vary by state and document type. A notary public generally cannot give legal advice, choose a document for you, draft a document unless separately authorized, tell you how to complete a form, or explain the legal effect of signing. If you are unsure whether your document needs notarization or which notarial act is required, ask the agency or person receiving the document, or consult a qualified legal professional.